نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشگاه عالی دفاع ملی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
This article examines the reflections of the decline of United States hegemony in the international system, with a focus on the material foundations of power. The central question is whether structural changes in the financial and defense domains indicate that the United States has entered a phase of relative decline. The theoretical framework is based on the distinction between absolute and relative decline in the literature on hegemony, and the analysis is conducted within the field of international political economy. The research adopts an analytical–explanatory approach grounded in trend analysis over the period 2000–2025, drawing on data from major international institutions. The findings show that the share of the U.S. dollar in global official reserves and international payments has declined over the past two decades, while the shift toward a more multi-currency system has intensified. At the same time, the rapid growth of China’s defense research and development and the decreasing relative share of the United States in global R&D have narrowed the technological gap between the United States and its competitors. Rising federal debt, increasing operational military expenditures, and the extensive use of financial sanctions have further constrained the structural capacity of the United States to sustain its hegemonic position. Overall, the article argues that the United States is experiencing a relative hegemonic decline—not a sudden collapse, but a gradual transition from unipolar dominance toward a more competitive and multipolar international order in both financial and technological spheres.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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